There are several machines that can be used to test abrasion resistance, depending on the type of material and the specific testing requirements. Some of the commonly used machines are:

1. Taber Abrasion Tester: This machine is widely used to test the abrasion resistance of materials, such as plastics, coatings, and textiles. It uses a rotating specimen holder and abrasive wheels to subject the material to a controlled level of abrasion. The Taber Abrasion Tester can provide quantitative data on the abrasion resistance of materials, such as weight loss and surface roughness.

2. Crockmeter: This machine is used to test the colorfastness and abrasion resistance of dyed or printed fabrics. It consists of a rubbing finger that applies a controlled pressure on the fabric surface, and a rubbing cloth that abrades the fabric surface. The Crockmeter can provide a qualitative assessment of the color transfer and abrasion resistance of the fabric.

3. Oscillating Sand Abrasion Tester: This machine is used to test the abrasion resistance of hard coatings, such as metal, ceramic, and composite coatings. It uses a reciprocating motion to move the abrasive sandpaper across the coating surface, while measuring the weight loss and surface roughness of the coating. The Oscillating Sand Abrasion Tester can provide a quantitative assessment of the abrasion resistance of the coating.

4. Falling Sand Abrasion Tester: This machine is used to test the abrasion resistance of natural stones, such as marbleand granite. It consists of a hopper that releases a controlled amount of abrasive sand onto the surface of the stone, while measuring the weight loss and surface roughness of the stone. The Falling Sand Abrasion Tester can provide a quantitative assessment of the abrasion resistance of the stone.

5. Scratch Tester: This machine is used to test the scratch resistance of coatings, such as paint, varnish, and powder coatings. It uses a diamond-tipped stylus to scratch the coating surface with a controlled load and speed, while measuring the depth and width of the scratch. The Scratch Tester can provide a quantitative assessment of the scratch resistance and adhesion of the coating.

In summary, the machine used to test abrasion resistance depends on the type of material and the specific testing requirements. The choice of machine should be based on the test method and standard applicable to the material being tested, and should be operated in accordance with the relevant standards and guidelines to ensure accurate and repeatable results.